Organized Crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organized Crime - Research Paper Example Keywords: organized crime, criminal behavior, business organization, profit Description or definition of organized crime Organized crime could be defined or described in such a way there would be involvement of people in illegal activities that are obviously for monetary gain, which could only be implemented by influencing others to join and intimidating, harming or killing those who get in their way. In other words, there is an inclusion of criminal organization which has the potential to put all possible crimes in order, so as to generate its entire advantage or benefit. What makes these kinds of criminal groups so powerful is due to the fact that they are highly have strong connection with legitimate businesses and political entities (Lyman & Potter, 2007). In other words, they have substantial power that would be enough to mobilize their entire machinery and force even if they would either be operating together or apart. These groups therefore should have adapted a powerful syste m that has the purpose of not destabilizing their entire organizational objectives, but rather obtaining them for them to perpetuate their staying in power. Organized crime can also be potentially defined based on evidences (Lyman & Potter, 2007). However Lyman and Potter point out that these could be subjected to different interpretations. This makes it hard enough to substantially define or describe organized crime without any presence of ambiguity or subjectivity. In fact, American debate existed for a long while whether organized crime really existed. However, there has been a productive way to look at the organized crime in detail. This can be implemented by understanding principles from legitimate business organizations (Mallory, 2007). After all, organized crime is highly concerned with monetary gain so it is not far from normal business organizations on how it exactly operates. What makes it however different from common business organizations is the presence of illegal acti vities and even heinous crimes if it would be necessary just to ensure achievement of its organizational objectives. My perception compared to the readings I perceived that this is how Russian Mafia, Italian Mafia and biker clubs operate. Their activities involved people for illegal actions in order to achieve monetary gain which could only be made possible if there is influential move, intimidation and killing from the part of groups which actually organized the crime. I think my perception based on the ideas presented in the textbooks is a bit more specific which needs to be interpreted from the general point of view of understanding organized crime. However, consistent with how the textbooks defined it, my perception about organized crime involves the idea of business and highly systematic and illegal ways of making profit. In other words, just as how the normal business operates, there is entirely no difference when it comes to how the organized crime functions. However, on how it acquired profitability may be a bit of an issue and this would substantially qualify organized crime as it is. A usual business organization following the law does not need to inflict any criminal means just to ensure achievement of profit. Although this might be too broad in context, as there are also typical organizations deliberately commit crimes such as tax evasions or avoidance, organized crime may be more systematic and should be identified on the nature or context of its

Rural Lives Versus Urban Lives Essay Example for Free

Rural Lives Versus Urban Lives Essay Urban and rural living each have their own benefits and drawbacks. A person’s personality, work status, financial situation and his or her age may influence the choice of environment where he or she likes living. In my opinion, the rural life is somehow suitable for the elderly people’s lifestyle while the urban life always inspirit the way young people live. It‘s easier and more comfortable for old people to keep up with the rural style in daily life. Firstly, cities are more crowned and faster-paced while rural living is often more relaxed and less congested. The slower pace of rural areas provides a sense of community and the openness makes people seem accessible to each other. Secondly, cities have fewer homes with yards, but those living in rural areas have more access to open space and nature. A close link to the nature is considered as the most important part of old people’s lives. In contrast, cities have state-of-the art skyscrapers and office that serve to create walls. Finally, cities are a hub for industrialization. There are more factories and businesses, making the areas more polluted. Additionally, the increased population in cities makes the ground more likely to be marred by litter and heavy use. These would have a bad influence on elderly resident’s health. Read more:Â  Rural Area vs Urban Area Living in a lively city is always a sparking desire of young people. City life gives inhabitants the ability to be exposed to more culture. Museums, theatre, and monuments are often easily accessible in cities. Additionally, most cities have a broad range of multicultural restaurants accessible by public transportation or walking. In contrast, entertainment in rural areas may be more limited or require travel. These conveniences are main attractiveness to young people and let them try to become a complete urban resident. City life, like rural life, has its share of advantages and disadvantages. People’s lifestyle choices which are different in separate stages of people’s lives dictate where they choose to live.

The Human Genome Project Essay -- Science Genetics DNA Papers

The Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) is a project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institute of Health (NIH). The HGP began in 1990 and was scheduled to be completed in 2005. The goals of the project are to identify all the genes in the human genome (estimated to be 80,000 - 100,000 total) and develop the complete human DNA sequence. After the sequencing is done, a database with all the sequence information can be made and data analysis tools can be developed to use the information. The HGP will then have to consider ethical, legal, and social issues. A new 5-year goal was approved in 1998 in which the HGP could be finished two years earlier than first planned in 1990. The new goal would provide a working draft of the human genome by 2001 and the complete human sequence by the year 2003. NIH and DOE are expecting to sequence 60-70% of the human genome. The other 30-40% will be sequenced by the Sanger Center, a project funded by the Wellcome Trust, and other international partners' (1). The task of sequencing the human genome is time consuming and very tedious. Since the start of the HGP, there has been a very large emphasis on developing new technology to speed progress and cut costs. The DOE has played a large part in the advancement of this new technology. Much of the community at first was curious as to why the DOE would be involved in such a project as the HGP. The DOE is interested in a better understanding how energy and energy-production technologies affect the health risk of people, with the most interest in the effects of radiation (2). The DOE and other private sectors have helped in the advancement of technology very rapidly; the result is lower cost and f... ...Genome Project: 1998-2003. Science 282, 682-689 (1998). 2. The Genome Project-Why the DOE?, http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/tko/02_why.html, accessed 10/07/99. 3. Marshall, E. A High-Stakes Gamble on Genome Sequencing. Science 284, 1906-1909 (1999). 4. Potential Benefits of Human Genome Project Research, http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/project/benefits.html , accessed 10/07/99. 5. Davis, S. The Human Genome Project: Examining The Arc's Concerns Regarding the Project's Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications, http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/resource/arc.html, accessed 10/13/99. 6. Rothstein, M. A. Human Genome news "Protecting Genetic Privacy: Why It Is So Hard To Do", http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis/publicat/hgn/v10n1/14roth.html, accessed 10/07/99. 7. Gene Therapy - An Overview, http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/BA/Gene_Therapy_Overview.html, accessed 10/07/99.

Old Man And The Sea Summary Essay -- essays research papers

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1899 - 1961) Type of Work: Symbolic drama Setting North Coast of Cuba; early twentieth century Principal Characters Santiago, an old, weathered fisherman Manolin , a boy, Santiago's young fishing companion The Marlin, a gigantic fish Story Overveiw Eighty-four days had passed since Santiago, the old fisherman, had caught a fish, and he was forced to suffer not only the ridicule of younger fishermen, but near-starvation as well. Moreover, Santiago had lost his young companion, a boy named Manolin, whose father had ordered him to leave Santiago in order to work with more successful seamen. But the devoted child still loved Santiago, and each day brought food and bait to his shack, where they indulged in their favorite pastime: talking about the American baseball leagues. The old man's hero was the New York Yankees' Joe DiMaggio. Santiago identified with the ballplayer's skill and discipline, and declared he would like to take the great DiMaggio fishing some time. After visiting one particular afternoon, the boy left Santiago, who fell asleep. Lions immediately filled his dreams. As a boy he had sailed to Africa and had seen lions on the beaches. Now, as an old man, he constantly dreamed of the great and noble beasts. He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of women, nor of Great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights nor contests of strength, nor of his wife. He only dreamed of places now and of the lions on the beach ... He loved them as he loved the boy. Before dawn of the next day, the fisherman, as usual, hauled his salt-encrusted skiff onto the beach and set out by himself. But today, in hopes of breaking his unlucky streak, he was determined to sail into deep waters, out much farther than the other anglers would go. He followed the sea birds and flying fish; they would tell him b y their movements where the fish congregated. He watched the turtles swimming near his boat. He loved the turtles, "with their elegance and speed... " Most people are Heartless about turtles because a turtle's heart will beat for hours after he has been cut tip and butchered. The old man thought, I have such a heart too ... Early on, Santiago managed to land a tenpound tuna. Thinking this a good omen, he used the fresh meat to bait one of his lines. By n... ...ng manly courage, endurance, and noble suffering. In fact, the novel would be little more than an adventure story were it not for Santiago's dialogues with himself - his repetitive and symbolic musings, daydreams and plottings. Unlike other fishermen, who see the ocean merely in terms of economic gain, Santiago looks on the sea and its inhabitants with love and respect. Notably, he prefers to call the sea "la mar," its feminine form, rather than the harsher, masculine "el mar." Some readers may see Christian symbolism in the story: Santiago means St. James in Spanish; the battle with the fish lasts three days; Santiago, arriving at the shore, carries his mast, like a cross, on his shoulders, and, like the biblical Christ, stumbles under its load. Later, the fisherman lies down exhausted on the floor of his hut with his arms stretched out stiffly and the palms of his hands up. But the giant fish - representing the hopes and dreams of mankind - and the old man's relationship with it, is what creates the extraordinary pathos of the novel. And, in the end, even Santiago's (humankind's) modest expectations are snatched from his grasp.

Patrick Platt

HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Patient Name: Patrick Platt Patient ID: 771033 Room No: 560 Date of Admission: 08/30/—- Admitting Physician: William Payne, MD Admitting Diagnosis: Rule out fracture of left arm. CHIEF COMPLAINT: Pain and swelling, left upper arm. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: The patient is an elderly male, who fell four days prior to admission. He noted immediate pain and swelling in the area just above his left elbow. He presented to the emergency room for treatment. PAST HISTORY: Past illnesses include whooping cough as a child. Tonsillectomy in the past. No known allergies to medications. FAMILY HISTORY: No hereditary disorders noted. Mother and father are deceased. Two brothers are alive and well. One sister has adult-onset diabetes mellitus. SOCIAL HISTORY: The patient is married and has two children. His wife does not work outside the home. (No mention of tobacco or alcohol use). PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: GENERAL: The patient is a well-developed, well-nourished male who appears to be in moderate distress with pain and swelling in the upper left arm. Vital signs: Blood pressure 140/90, temperature 98. 3 degrees Fahrenheit, pulse 97, respiration 18. HEENT: Head normal, no lesions, Eyes, arcus senilis, both eyes. Ears, impacted cerumen, left ear. Nose, clear. Mouth, dentures fit well, no lesions. NECK: Normal range of motion in all directions. (Continued) HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Patient Name: Patrick Platt Patient ID: 771033 Date of Admission: 08/30/—- Page 2 INTEGUMENTARY: Psoriatic lesion, right thigh, approximately 1 mm in diameter. CHEST: Clear breath sounds bilaterally. No rales or rhonchi noted. HEART: Normal sinus rhythm. There is a holosystolic murmur. No friction rubs noted. ABDOMEN: Normal bowel sounds. Liver, kidneys, and spleen are normal to palpation. GENITALIA: Tests normally descended bilaterally. RECTAL: Prostate 2+ and benign. EXTREMITIES: Pain and swelling noted above the left elbow, other upper extremities normal. No cyanosis or clubbing. The legs demonstrate 2+ pitting edema to the knees. NEUROLOGIC: Crainial nerves II through XII intact, memory intact, sensation intact to light touch. ASSESSMENT AND PLAN: The patient was sent for plain film of the left arm, which revealed a fracture of the left humerus. The fracture was reduced in the emergency room. X-ray revealed anatomic alignment. He was released to home with a prescription for a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and instructions to elevate his arm. He will follow up in the office in three days. PROGNOSIS: Good. _________________________ William Payne, MD WM:R D:08/30/—- T:09/01/—-

ESL Lesson Plan for Short Field Trips

ESL Lesson Plan for Short Field Trips Short field trips to local businesses can help English learners begin to try out their language skills. However, it is a good idea to make sure that your students are prepared before taking these short field trips. This lesson plan helps provide structure to what can quickly become a rather overwhelming event without specific objectives for the field trip. This lesson is meant for classes which are held in English speaking countries. However, there are also a few ideas in the lesson notes on ways in which the lesson might be changed for short field trips in countries in which English is not the primary language. Aim: Developing speaking skills/practicing interactions with native speakers other than the teacherActivity: Short field trips to local businesses/government offices/other sites of interestLevel: All levels except for absolute beginners Lesson Outline Begin the lesson with a short warm up. Ideally, tell the students about the first time you did some shopping or tried to accomplish some task in a foreign language. Ask some of the students to quickly share their own experiences. Using the board, ask students to describe reasons for some of their difficulties. As a class, look for suggestions on how they might plan ahead to deal with such problems in the future. Inform students of the rough outline of your planned short field trip. If there are issues surrounding permission slips, transportation, etc. discuss these at the end of the lesson rather than at this point in the lesson. Choose a theme for the short field trip. If you are going shopping, students should be gathering information around a specific theme. For example, students might look into purchasing a home theater system. One group could explore the options for TVs, another group options for surround sound, another group blue-ray players, etc. Other tasks for short field trips could include: Gathering information on health insurance optionsTrips to the zooVisiting the local employment officePlanning a meal together by going to the marketVisiting a local gym to find out information on workout possibilities, facilities, etc.Visiting a local tourist information centerGoing to a local event such as a state fair As a class, create a list of the tasks that should be accomplished on the short field trip. Its probably a good idea to have already created a basic list on your own before class to get the ideas flowing. Have students break up into groups of three to four. Ask each group to identify a specific task they would like to accomplish from the list you have developed. Have each group divide their own tasks up into at least four separate components. For example, in the example of a visit to a large retailer in order to buy a home theater system, the group responsible for researching TV options might have three tasks: 1) Which size is best for which living situation 2) Which cables are required 3) Warranty possibilities 4) Payment options After each student has chosen a specific task, have them write out questions they think they should ask. This would be a great opportunity to review various question forms such as direct questions, indirect questions, and question tags. Circulate in the room helping students with their questions. Ask each group to role-play the situation switching roles between salesperson, tourist agency representative, employment officer, etc. (depending on the context) Follow-up In Class Here are some ideas to use as follow-up exercises in class or as homework to help solidify what students have learned on their short field trips: Create short role-plays based on their experiencesDraw up vocabulary trees employing new vocabulary used/studied during their preparations and short field tripAsk other students in smalls group to take their roles while they take the role of the shop assistant, employment agency personnel, etc.Short writing assignments summarizing their experienceGroup reports back to class Variations on Field Trips for Non-English Speaking Countries If you dont live in an English speaking country, here are some variations on short field trips: Have students take short field trips to each others place of business. Students ask each other the appropriate questions.Visit local businesses, but have students role-play shop assistant - customer/employment agency officer - citizen/etc.Take short field trips online. There are many sites that offer real-time chat. Have students take advantage of these sites to gather information.

How to write an office manager cover letter

How to write an office manager cover letter Are you looking to pursue a new job as an office manager? Perhaps you’re excited about making a career change into this challenging new field, or maybe you’re already an office manager but would like to transition to a new company.Whatever your reasons are for wanting to secure a new position as an office manager, the good news is that there are plenty of opportunities- most companies, both large and small and across industries, employ office managers. The not-so-good news is that you can expect to encounter some stiff competition from other job seekers who will undoubtedly possess a wide range of backgrounds and experience levels.So, what does this mean for you? Simple- if you want to be at the top of the competitive food chain when you’re applying for open office manager positions you’ll need to have a pitch-perfect resume and cover letter that will grab and hold the attention of hiring personnel and potential new employers.Your cover letter is going to serve as your first impression maker out in the job market, and you’re going to want to make it a good one. According to a recent article by CareerOne, when looking for a new job â€Å"many people believe that a strategically targeted cover letter is the most important weapon you need.† With all of this said, it’s clear that using a bland, lifeless, boilerplate cover letter just isn’t going to cut it. Let’s review some proven strategies for how to write an effective office manager cover letter.Make it clear you can deliver what the company wants and needs.The truth is, great office managers typically anticipate the needs of their offices and employers before they’re even asked. They just seem to have an almost psychic ability to know what’s needed before anyone else does. This is the same operating principle that you should use when crafting your cover letters (notice we didn’t say letter- every opportunity should get a customi zed letter!).Use the information in the job posting to help inform what should be included in your cover letter. If the posting includes detailed information regarding job responsibilities, make sure your cover letter addresses each of these responsibilities. Data-driven results are best. For example, if a position is looking for someone with shipping experience, make sure your cover letter demonstrates that you’re a shipping whiz with a proven track record. If you have any extra feathers in your shipping cap- perhaps you negotiated a great shipping rate for your office in a previous job- even better.Don’t overload your cover letter so it reads more like a novel, but do hit the highlights to make sure you’re putting your best foot forward. Remember, you can also include quantifiable results like cost-savings and process improvements in your resume.If the job posting is light on details, use your knowledge of typical responsibilities handled by office managers (a n Internet search can prove helpful here), and also be sure to do some research on the company you’re applying to. Get a sense of what they do and try and anticipate their needs in an office manager- and be sure that this factors into your cover letter.Highlight your skills and how they relate to the specific position.If you’re an experienced office manager, this will certainly be to your advantage- you likely have a good sense of what the position requires and how to be effective. Make sure your cover letter, in conjunction with your resume, highlights your past experience and key accomplishments, and hopefully they mesh with what your target company is looking for in their next office manager.If you’re new to the field, this just means that you’ll need to get a little more creative- after using the job posting and a search of what responsibilities office managers typically handle, try your best to translate how the skills and experience you do have can be utilized effectively in an office manger position. Do you have experiencing ordering and negotiating for example? If so, then great- most office managers need to be good at these tasks, so be sure to speak about this in your cover letter. Your cover letter should focus on transferable skills, those skills that you possess that effective office managers also have and use regularly.Paint yourself as the ideal office manager.Perhaps you’ve worked in offices that have had office managers in the past- if so, then use this to help guide your letter. What made them successful and what didn’t work so well? Do you have any friends, family, or trusted colleagues who work as office managers? If so, pick their brains and use this information to help you write a killer cover letter that will get you noticed.Here’s the bottom line- regardless of your background and experience, getting a job as an office manager might not be a cakewalk. You’ll need to use every resou rce at your disposal to get a leg up on the competition and succeed. Use the information and strategies here to write an effective office manager cover letter- your first step on the journey to your next great job.

Factors that stimulated European exploration essays

Factors that stimulated European exploration essays During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries many different factors peaked interest in colonization and exploration for Europeans. As a continent, Europe was changing rapidly. Nationally Spain, France, and England each had their own reasons for growth. All of Europe dealt with the excitement and uncertainty of new places. Europe began evolving as early as 1095 with the beginning of the Crusades. These Europeans began to trade with the Orient, swapping knowledge, food, and crafts. This newfound wealth was reinvested in what is known as the Renaissance. All subjects were being studied again, including geography. Educated people know realized that the earth was round, and even estimated its circumference. New navigational and ship building techniques were developed. The evolution continued as nation-states were formed. Unity was necessary to exploration and westward expansion. The forming of joint-stock companies made financing easier also, as some royalty were reluctant to come up with funds for voyages. Finally, freedom from religious persecution and the dreams of prosperity eased people into the idea of migration. The idea of national unity was sparked when Isabella of Castile was wed to Ferdinand of Aragon. These two knew of Portugals success with Prince Henrys navigational school. So when young Columbus asked for financing, they considered, then agreed to his terms. He discovered San Salvador, Cuba, and Hispaniola. Vespucci, de Balboa, Ponce de Leon, Cortes, and many others followed, claiming places such as Florida, Tenochtitlan, New Mexico, and Texas for Spain. New Spain, as it was called, did not attract many migrators very quickly. The colonization of New Spain was a learning experience in how to deal with the natives. They were abused, exploited, and eventually killed by European diseases. As an alternative to native laborers, the Spanish began importing African slave labor into New ...

U5 Research Project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

U5 Research Project - Coursework Example The GPO corresponds to active directory containers. The GPO defines  registry based polices, security options, software installation and maintenance options, scripts options, and folder redirection options. It provides the facilities to maintain access barriers to different configurations of users and windows (Technet.microsoft.com, 2015). Windows policy editor is a tool that enables a user to edit group policies and is also a helpful learning tool. There are various differences between encrypting file system (EFS) and BitLocker drive encryption. Both services are used to encrypt your files. EFS is more specific than BitLocker. EFS is commonly used to encrypt particular files or folders in a drive whereas, BitLocker encrypts the whole drive; system drives, fixed drives and removable drives (windows.microsoft.com, 2015). BitLocker is independent of user accounts it is either on or off for all drives but EFS provides the individual rights to users (windows.microsoft.com, 2015). Moreover, BitLocker needs administrator rights. On other hand, EFS does not require administrator privileges in order to be used (windows.microsoft.com, 2015). BitLocker also uses a special microchip, trusted platform module (TPM) that underpins the advance security to your operating system. windows.microsoft.com,. (2015).  Whats the difference between BitLocker Drive Encryption and Encrypting File System?. Retrieved 5 January 2015, from

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Journal - Essay Example The central nervous system comprises of the brain and the spinal chord. The brain is located within the skull, safely enclosed with several layers of tissues and cerebrospinal fluid, and is responsible for transmitting and receiving signals or messages via the spinal chord. The messages emitted by the brain are carried through the spinal chord by the peripheral nervous system which in turn is composed of nerves known as the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves. The brain together with the nervous system facilitates reactions and reflexes towards the external environment. The term Psychology is defined in various ways by different researchers. According to Hayes (1993) â€Å"Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and experience†. According to Angell (1973), the term psychology is defined as â€Å"Psychology is commonly defined as the science of consciousness. It is the business of a science systematically to describe and explain the phenomena with which it is engaged. Mental facts of consciousness constitute the field of psychology†. There are various perspectives on psychology such as the Psychoanalytic or the Psychodynamic perspective founded and propagated by Freud, Humanistic Perspective, Behavioral, Cognitive as well as Neuroscience or Biological perspective (Eysenck, 1994). The Psychoanalytic perspective is concerned with studying of unconscious processes which is based on the theory that the structure of the human mind comprise of ego and superego which struggle to capture the energy of the human psyche. The Humanistic perspective is based on the belief that all human beings possess unique potentials and stresses on the positive aspect of the human nature. The Behavioral theory founded by John Watson, believes that psychology is the study of measurable physical responses to environmental stimuli. The theory of Psychosexual Development which was put forward by Freud, states that a child passes

Securitization as a System of Pooling Resources in the Area of Banking Essay

Securitization as a System of Pooling Resources in the Area of Banking and Finance Law - Essay Example This paper illustrates that non-liquid assets are resources, which could be freely traded in its present form and needs to be converted into another form of instrument for it to be accepted in the capital markets. A popular form of non-liquid asset is the mortgage loans, which could not be readily disposed but may be converted into securities through sale to Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) that issue bonds. Conversion of non-liquid assets to tradable securities such as bonds will allow banks to free some capital, which is tied up in the loans portfolio and allows for diversification of financial sources for business operations. Issuance of ABS also allows the originator to remove the non-liquid assets from its books of accounts in cases of true sale transactions, which in effect improves the financial ratio of the originator most especially in cases where it is bound to comply certain risk-based capital standards such as bank reserves. As a general rule, all the risk connected to the securities traded and purchased is transferred to the buyer. Unlike regularly issued bonds where security is based on the financial soundness of the issuing company, asset-backed bonds depend primarily on the funds or cash flows generated by the pooled assets which makes it less risky than the regular securities. This means that since the securities are backed by a specific pool of assets, ABS investors are, to some degree, protected from losing money if the originator of the bonds suddenly goes bankrupt. However, the very nature of ABS would not protect the buyer or investor when the transaction is flawed or vitiated. The degree of the risk involve shall be mitigated or aggravated by the system adopted in the transaction whether it is a true sale or a synthetic securitization.

A Review on The Keita L'Heritage Du Griot Essay

A Review on The Keita L'Heritage Du Griot - Essay Example Others have already been assimilated into the western culture or the American way of life and have lost their identity as members of their original community. As such, they seek to spread the spirit of cosmopolitanism everywhere. This may be seen in the way the Europeans assimilated African societies and later the Africans chose to adopt almost everything that is western (Baaz and Palmberg 29). Others have imitated the western culture to some extent but retained their traditions when it comes to certain rituals that favor traditional points of view. The current globalization has made it difficult for many cultures to maintain their traditions and this has strained many relations. Those who live in rural areas are seen to be the greatest adherents of traditions and customs in many societies. However, the migration that has led many to leave the rural areas to the urban areas in search of greener pastures has come with its constraints (Howard 80). Many have abandoned their cultures and even forgotten about their traditional roots. They have been assimilated into other cultures that have come as a result of the different people that inhabit many of these urban centers. The media has also played a considerable role in eroding many beliefs that people held years ago in the name of civilization (Merlan 105). However, there are others who are termed as the indigenous people. These are groups of people who are said to have stuck to their traditional roots and continue to practice their cultures based on their historical ties that are said to have existed before colonization. These people maintain their cultures despite the big divide between theirs and the mainstream culture as well as political systems (WGIP 2). They have maintained their distinct social, economic and political systems that have remained relevant to them despite the civilization that has taken place around them. Many governments have tried to assimilate them into the mainstream societies but have met huge oppositions, and this has led to mistrust amongst the two groups (Clifford 93). For instance, the Aborigines of Australia have managed to get the backing of the Australian government after years of mistrust and arguments over their territorial boundaries. The Maori of New Zealand have also got the backing of the government and have even contributed in some nation building through their cultural activities (WGIP 3). Therefore, these indigenous persons are not a threat but an excellent way of maintaining national unity and peace. Governments need to understand the indigenous people, and should allow them to conserve the natural resources since they understand the importance of sustainable environmental practices. However, the problem that arises is the system that the government can utilize as a way of identifying these individuals. Defining the term may be quite challenging since different schools of thought bear different definitions (WGIP 3). However, experts in anthropology a dvise that it would be better to identify rather than define these people. If people would come forward and identify themselves with these communities and the communities accept the member as their own, it

Thesis that uses your original profile and your newly collected data Essay

Thesis that uses your original profile and your newly collected data to clearly present your point to your audience - Essay Example It has been observed that the most significant qualities of a transformational leader are strong execution skills, leading by example and the ability to sense what requires change. The existence of a truly ‘transformational’ leader was identified James MacGregor Burns who differentiated between leaders who were transactional in nature and those who were transformational in nature. The latter were defined as those that brought about some considerable, constructive change in the mindset of the organization and its employees through the use of powerful vision and motivational tactics to enable the various organizational actors to look beyond their immediate self-interests and work for the interest of the entire organization (Burns). However, this definition is criticized on the grounds that the pressing need and struggle for bringing â€Å"change† can divert the efforts of the followers away from the core tasks. For example, a school principal who insists on change management will hamper students’ learning by forcefully engaging them in CSR activities and taking time away from them. The CSR program is designed to enhance the level of ed ucational standards within institutions and is funded by the state (U.S Department of Education). The purpose of this program is to enable students of all levels to achieve the high academic standards set by the state after thorough research (U.S Department of Education). Schools are then required to fulfill the eleven aspects of this reform. These components include professional development of staff, setting up of SMART goals, parental involvement in bringing about improvements as well as the use of an external partner that assists the school in implementing these reforms (U.S Department of Education). The fact that the most significant quality is that of having a strong vision is also heavily debated. There are leaders who have an excellent vision, they know where to get but either do not know how to get there or

A Review on The Keita L'Heritage Du Griot Essay

A Review on The Keita L'Heritage Du Griot - Essay Example Others have already been assimilated into the western culture or the American way of life and have lost their identity as members of their original community. As such, they seek to spread the spirit of cosmopolitanism everywhere. This may be seen in the way the Europeans assimilated African societies and later the Africans chose to adopt almost everything that is western (Baaz and Palmberg 29). Others have imitated the western culture to some extent but retained their traditions when it comes to certain rituals that favor traditional points of view. The current globalization has made it difficult for many cultures to maintain their traditions and this has strained many relations. Those who live in rural areas are seen to be the greatest adherents of traditions and customs in many societies. However, the migration that has led many to leave the rural areas to the urban areas in search of greener pastures has come with its constraints (Howard 80). Many have abandoned their cultures and even forgotten about their traditional roots. They have been assimilated into other cultures that have come as a result of the different people that inhabit many of these urban centers. The media has also played a considerable role in eroding many beliefs that people held years ago in the name of civilization (Merlan 105). However, there are others who are termed as the indigenous people. These are groups of people who are said to have stuck to their traditional roots and continue to practice their cultures based on their historical ties that are said to have existed before colonization. These people maintain their cultures despite the big divide between theirs and the mainstream culture as well as political systems (WGIP 2). They have maintained their distinct social, economic and political systems that have remained relevant to them despite the civilization that has taken place around them. Many governments have tried to assimilate them into the mainstream societies but have met huge oppositions, and this has led to mistrust amongst the two groups (Clifford 93). For instance, the Aborigines of Australia have managed to get the backing of the Australian government after years of mistrust and arguments over their territorial boundaries. The Maori of New Zealand have also got the backing of the government and have even contributed in some nation building through their cultural activities (WGIP 3). Therefore, these indigenous persons are not a threat but an excellent way of maintaining national unity and peace. Governments need to understand the indigenous people, and should allow them to conserve the natural resources since they understand the importance of sustainable environmental practices. However, the problem that arises is the system that the government can utilize as a way of identifying these individuals. Defining the term may be quite challenging since different schools of thought bear different definitions (WGIP 3). However, experts in anthropology a dvise that it would be better to identify rather than define these people. If people would come forward and identify themselves with these communities and the communities accept the member as their own, it

Marketing in Ecommerce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing in Ecommerce - Assignment Example Similarly, if such economic forces practice monopoly over some products and services in the internet, they may lock out many prospective players of ecommerce hence slowing the growth and expansion of ecommerce. Certainly, online merchants incur huge losses when prospective buyers use their online business platforms for research purposes. This is because no matter the huge internet traffic that flock their websites, few actually make orders for the products and services that entice them. The best remedy in this case would be to disallow free viewing of products and to offer products that are more competitive and services in the internet so that potential buyers have no better alternative. Definitely, the phenomenon of doing online research particularly for electronic products before purchasing such items from the store fronts has become the norm in many parts of the world. When it comes to food items, people do not normally do online research in order to purchase. This is mainly because such items as electronics and other products have specifications that a potential buyer ought to know prior to purchase. Besides, there are so many counterfeits out in the market and the only way to escape being swindled is by doing own research and the internet provides loads of information for such purposes. Without doubt, there are certain common themes about the use of mass media that the internet provides. These media services can indeed be adapted to an individual’s mass marketing efforts with the Internet. Such internet platforms as the social media for example Facebook and Twitter offer an excellent internet marketing platforms for ecommerce entities. This is especially so because such social media sites offer real-time connection with the customers and updating hence can be more beneficial to e-businesses than the mainstream media in terms of customer

Method of Money Laundering Essay Example for Free

Method of Money Laundering Essay Structuring deposits The Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 requires banks to report any deposits exceeding $10,000.01. This is not a problem for most of us, but it is a big barrier to money-laundering criminals looking to rid themselves of some cumbersome currency. Launderers will hire low-level lackeys to make multiple small deposits, either on different days or at various branches on the same day to work around this pesky law that attempts to deter money laundering, It is a complex, time-consuming way to launder money, and one that has been rendered even more difficult by computer algorithms that look for suspicious deposit behavior and raise an red flag when one is found. see more:speech on money for asl Banks Far more exciting and global in the practice of money laundering is the use of offshore and overseas banks. Nations like the Cayman Islands, Bahamas and Panama are very accommodating to criminals looking to legitimize their cash; these nations are unrestricted with regards to burdensome banking laws and anti-laundering procedures, which ultimately helps hide the launderers behind strict veils of secrecy. Opening accounts in a number of these offshore accounts allows launderers to move their money around and create a nearly impenetrable defense against curious investigators. Some countries (China and Pakistan among others) have a history of well-established underground banks that have been accepting deposits from sketchy clients for centuries. They legally operate outside of the mainstream banking system and outside the control of the government. There is often no paper work, just the reputation of the principals involved. Shell companies Enterprising criminals looking to legalize their cash can set up various companies that exist for the sole purpose of money laundering. These so-called shell companies often offer some sort of service that can easily be fudged and usually accepts cash as payment when doing legitimate business (beauty salons and trades like plumbing are commonly used). The dirty money is funneled into the company, made to look like legitimate income with fake invoices and receipts and then deposited into the shell company’s accounts as clean, wonderfully spendable cash money. Using these shell companies to stay one step ahead of â€Å"the man† is a shell game of its own. Forensic accountants can strip away layers of deceit and reveal the shady transactions below, which means that only true criminal masterminds with really good accountants should consider this as a laundering option. Legitimate businesses Criminals looking to clean their money can also be good corporate citizens by investing in legitimate business. Cash-rich businesses like bars and strip clubs are the most common, with the dirty money seeded in with the legitimate revenue and squirreled away in the business’ bank accounts. The safer method is to use the dirty money to â€Å"buy† the services offered by the legit businesses, but this necessitates lots of fake invoicing and troublesome number fudging and you can safely assume that most criminals choose the easy money of crime out of laziness, which makes this a decidedly unattractive alternative when looking for money-laundering options. Gambling With so many cash transactions taking place every day, casinos have become highly valuable money-laundering institutions because chips can be purchased anonymously with dirty money and after a period of time they can be cashed back in and turned into clean money. Even if the casino follows the letter of the law and asks for ID to record the transaction, the Feds are powerless to prove the money was ever dirty. Global criminal enterprises can even ask that the â€Å"winnings† be used as credit at the casino’s overseas franchises. With some games offering as much as 93% return on your money, certain criminals are willing to chance some losses and turn their illicit cash into legitimate money by actually gambling with it. One particularly popular method involves two associates at the roulette table. While one bets a substantial amount on red, the other places a similar amount on black. Provided neither zero nor double zero come up, one side doubles the money and turns it legit at the same time. However, sophisticated surveillance and casino security have limited this scheme in recent years. Down at the track, some crafty launderers will put the word out that they are willing to buy winning tickets at a premium. They then cash in the tickets as clean money and pass the bonus of cleaning the money onto the unsuspecting legitimate gambler, who is usually so stunned at their good fortune that they cannot appreciate their predicament. No money, No problems It is an enviable position that many would like to be in having so much cash that you do not know what to do with it. However, cleaning money is harder work than earning it. Criminals have to stay one step ahead of the law and they constantly run the risk of losing their cash to shady launderers or eagle-eyed cops. Often, it is not the drug dealing or the extortion that gets these law breakers busted, it is their attempts at concealing the money. So, if you ever decide to get in â€Å"The Game,† watch what you do with your money.

Assessing the Sainsburys customer perceived value

Assessing the Sainsburys customer perceived value The Food retailing Industry is a huge and fast growing industry in UK .It is a complex and diverse market dominated by various big companies such as Tesco, ASDA, J Sainsburys. Price and quality of goods are the two key elements which the companies keep in mind to increase their sales and defend their position in this competitive market. In the year 2009, food retailing recorded sales figures of GBP 297,478.9 million, along with providing employment to 11.6% of the workforce in UK (Euro monitor). It is forecasted, by the year 2014 the sales would cross GBP 350,000 million. (Euro monitor) This assignment focuses on the third largest food retailer store in UK, i.e. J Sainsbury. Sainsbury is a super market which will operates its business in retail sector from the year 1869. Sainsbury is started by James and Mary Ann Sainsburys. Sainsbury today operates a total of 827 stores comprising 537 supermarkets and 335 convenience stores(J Sainsbury 2010) .With their presence in various other markets such as financial services and Property management, grocery retailing remains their core business. In an industry which employs over 3,335,000 people and with sales figure of GBP 137,590 million (Euro Monitor), Sainsbury enjoys a market share of 16% and serving 19 million customers weekly with a product offering of 30,000.( J Sainsbury 2010) QUESTION-1 Using suitable models identify the customer perceived value for the customers for a product/division/company of your choice. ANSWER- PART 1 Customer value Difference between what a  customers  gets from a  product, and what he or she has to give in  order  to get it. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/customer-value.html#ixzz16OyFiRFr Customer value proposition A  business  or marketing statement that summarizes why a consumer should  buy a product or use a service. This statement should convince a potential consumer that  one particular  product or service will add more  value or better solve a problem than other similar offerings. http://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/valueproposition.asp Types of CVP 1. All Benefits- benefits that an organization brings to its target customers. It tends to suffer from a lack of credibility when the value proposition is not distinguished from competitors or focused precisely on the unique needs of the customer. 2. Favourable Points of Differentiation- it mainly emphasizes the key differences between a firms offerings and those of competitors at the customer interface. It takes into account the notion that the buyer has substitutes. Like the all benefits value proposition it lacks specificity relative to the buyer. 3. Resonating Focus- Resonating focus highlights one or two critical differences between the firms offerings and those of competitors with the forethought that these differences represent those areas that are most vital in the mind of the customer. While most effective, this value proposition takes considerable time to develop as it is strongly rooted in a deep understanding of customer needs. http://www.edbarrows.com/Resources/briefs/valueProposition.pdf IMPORTANCE OF CUSTOMER VALUE   A good customer value proposition is a technique why a customer should buy a product and also distinguish your product from competitors. Gaining a customers attention will help in growing sales faster and more profitable, as well as increasing its market share. Understanding customer needs is important because it helps promote the product. A brand is the perception of a product or service that is designed to stay in the minds of targeted consumers. It is desirable to build a strong and positive brand association with your offering. Three key dimensions: Extrinsic vs. intrinsic value Self-orientated vs. other-orientated value Active vs. reactive value PART 2 VALUE PROPOSITION FOR SAINSBURY Sainsbury maintain high quality of its services by keeping up high quality product at a fair price, through well-kept rooms with an attractive appearance to fast service and a friendly staff. Sainsbury ensures that all suppliers have been evaluated by Quality Attribute System (QAS) in order to provide quality product to the customer. It has different prices which are suited to different kinds of customer. Through the execution of high quality product Sainsbury has high price. However to adjust to the needs of less wealthy clients it also offers a wide selection of basic product at a low price. Sainsbury speed is moderately-high. Sainsbury team is trying to reduce queues through recent introduction of basket tills, self-checkouts as well as introduction of newest scan and pack system. Sainsbury also offers home delivery which can be obtained the very next day. Dependability is keeping a word to customers. Sainsbury provides customers quality product at a fair prices, fulfilling custom er expectation for fresh, safe, healthy and tasty food. Sainsbury respects environment by using environmentally friendly packaging. Queuing time is reasonable and deliveries are on time. Online Shopping at Sainsburys is also a great advantage. All the above provide a  high level of dependability  and are the reason why the Sainsburys brand remains on the market for 141 years, and this makes the Sainsbury differs from its competitors. Sainsbury started a new range taste the difference that aims to provide consumers desire to treat themselves at home, rather than spending money in buying expensive takeaways or eating outside. Sainsburys continuously investing in their clothing and home decor items to accelerate the growth in non-food sector so that they can reach to more customers so as to increase its market share and sales. (Euro monitor) Sainsburys continued launching innovate products, 1% fat milk was launched which was consumed by 2.5 million households due to which its sales for basics were up by 60%. (Euro monitor) QUESTION 2 Critically evaluating value proposition of Sainsburys VALUE PROPOSITION Sainsbury supermarkets follow the mission of being the customers first choice by its service and quality. Through the method of working simpler, together and faster it delivers an outstanding good service and quality. Sainsbury accelerating its growth in non-food sector so as to reach more customers. Online facility provides its customers to shop online for non-food items also. The company has a solid brand value although discriminating competitive advantage is clearly missing. From a customer point of view it is difficult to slot them in a specific category. The company is not able to create a good market which will make them distinguish from other supermarkets with concerns to price, quality, customer service and access to variety or inventory. Sainsburys was critized by the city for allowing Tesco in getting ahead in the market in terms of customer service, loyalty and price competitiveness. Sainsburys was also criminated for not promoting itself up to its standards and also running the same type of initiatives which was running by Tesco. So the Sainsbury has failed to promote its products and services. In the process to reconstruct its mission, company has changed its marketing strategy and sold successfully the home based products in the chain of UK market and its business in Egypt. This changes the company to focus on food retailing and related activities. Sainsbury maintains 100% service level as the online business is growing rapidly. Even so, there are some issue that need to be developed for example; delivering orders in full and on time. The online business is developing at a rapid speed gaining growth in overall market. During hectic periods picking large orders from stores could become an issue. (http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/analystreports/corporate/ovum-sainsbury-cs-170835.pdf) MARKETING MIX The marketing mix used by Sainsbury to gain its competitive advantage in its retailing sector -. Product Sainsburys mainly focused in developing new product and its food quality which will be healthier to the customers. It provides more than 350 variety range of foods product which is produced to protect its natural flavour and taste of the product. Currently it has achieved to developed more than 600 organic lines to provide best range of food and major growth in groceries, bakery, and frozen foods. It has also launched a product called Blue carrot Calf known for the clear labelling of kid products which mention clear details of the products. The Sainsburys continuously concentrating on development of its product by launching a new programme every year. Price Price is the important component of the marketing mix for Sainsburys. Now a day Sainsburys is presenting its customers in UK the value for money. A lot of investment is made in improving quality and productivity in order to reduce the overall cost. For the customers in UK Sainsbury is offering, exceptional value for the money and the aim of the company is to lead the quality and become the favoured in term for the customers all through the market. If the price is cut it is not easy to get back again to the previous level without dissatisfying the customer. This is not decent for the business. Hence in short term price gain the store will be less affected where as in long term it would gain less positive. Sainsbury implemented a new strategy value for money after realising its price war in the market. A lot of investment is made in improving quality and productivity what it provides and efficiency of its activity in order to reduce the overall cost. The purpose of implementing a new s trategy is to achieve trust and value from the customer and continue its leadership. Promotion    Sainsbury gain to build up its solid brand image among the customers through various promotions. It mainly focuses on its own brand rather than the promoting other brands which they sell in the stores to form the greater wealth by its overall retail brand. Sainsbury uses different media for its promotion whereas TV, radio and advertising in cinemas to grow the company image. Sales promotions, merchandising and packing are also the key element for the promotion of the Sainsbury. Sainsbury launched Nectar Card as a main weapon for its promotion. This card is free for customers and gives discount points if customer used it in store at the time of shopping. Many other retailers are also using same type of promotions by issuing the card to customers and giving them free points for their money as these free points can be used automatically for discounts. Sainsbury store staff wears named T-shirt of the supermarket to defer as a worker to serve people. Place As per the Sainsbury it has 872 stores across UK whereas 837 super markets and 335 convenience stores. Various set up of stores are established across the country according to the needs and satisfaction of the customers and area. Sum stores are opened 24 hours a day for the satisfaction of the customers. Sainsbury is making large chain stores in different locations to create a world class distribution of groceries and work more effectively. Conclusion- Here we can see that Sainsbury always use the market mix to develop and implement its strategies by using the market mix. It satisfies the customers by improving the strategies which meet the needs of the customer. It always research on the market to know the interest of a customer who is able to buy its products. It continues to implement the market segmentation to develop its business strategies which shows the development of a business. Sainsbury use the market segmentation to display large variety of products and sell to deferent groups and to achieve large amount of sales overall. It offers a large number of products in a convenient location and opens the store for long hours. It also encourages the customers by easy cash options through debit card and credit card. It also offers the cash back facility to the customers on their purchases.   http://katamaneni12.blogspot.com/2010/09/macro-environment-and-marketing-mix.html Competitor Analysis TESCO- Competitor Company Profile Tesco is started by Jack Cohen in 1919. Tesco is biggest food retailer in the world, having 2318 stores and giving employment to more than 470000 people who serve millions of customer around the world. Tesco has a largest market in UK, where it operates under signs of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. Tesco offers more than 40000 products to customers including clothing and other non-food lines. Tesco vs. Sainsburys TESCO MISSION TESCO is to provide superior technical representation and to add value to a focused group of leading-edge, corporations by offering synergistic, valuable and highly innovate solutions for our customer design, procurement and manufacturing needs with continuous improvement of our quality, service and productivity to a completive advantage. TESCO VISSION What sets TESCO apart from other distributors is our commitment to customers success, by bringing an in-depth knowledge of their technology and the value added services needed to truly support the customer. The result is cost-efficient, rapidly delivered technical superior products that the customers take pride in. (http://www.tescoinc.co.kr/tesco/ecompany1.php) MISSION STATEMENT Sainsburys mission statement Our mission is to be the consumers first choice for food, delivering products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together. Source: Sainsbury Web site Sainsburys companys vision for growth Sainsbury plcs present focus is to improve the performance of the core UK supermarket chain. Whilst doing so we will continue to explore and develop growth opportunities in other markets. Through implementing Managing for Value we will stretch our ambitions and challenge the conventional wisdom within the Company, thereby unlocking our potential and delivering value. Source: Sainsbury Web site DIFFERENCE STRATEGIES SAINSBURY STRATEGY: Sainsbury aims to provide quality products and good service at a competitive price through working faster, simpler, together and aimed to be the consumer first choice for food. Through a balance in sales growth, reduction cost and on-going margin improvements, Sainsbury look forward to progress growth. The company is dedicated to achieving industry leading margins within a dynamic, competitive market and to delivering strong double digit necessary profit growth in each year of its business programme. TESCO STRATEGY: Tesco has made a good progress with its strategy which consists of five elements reflecting its four established areas of motivation and Tescos long term promises on environment and community. The ideas of the strategy are: To be a successful international retailer To develop the core UK business To be as strong in non-food as in food. To develop retailing services such as Tesco Personal Finance, Telecoms and Tesco.com To put community at the heart of what we do. The market share of Tesco is 31.6% in the retail market and they also capture 50% of the grocery market share while Sainsbury has 16% and 22% of the market share respectively. Tesco sells massive products range and buy in big volume and sell it in cheap while Sainsbury buys product that are popular and their own branded product. 1/3 of the retail market is acquired by Tesco but Sainsbury is enabling to have this power. Tesco achieved its success by selling varieties of products; it is located within UK as well as overseas, they target every people. With this strategy Sainsburys have a difficult to keep up with Tesco. Sainsburys generally attract the middle class people with low class prices whereas Tesco attract all kind of people from all classes. Sainsburys is more concerned about the quality of the food they provide their customers while Tesco is concerned about reducing prices to attract their customers. Tescos main advertising approach is money saving Every little help and Sainsburys Taste the difference however during the crisis time they are one of the same. Sainsburys slip its second position in 2008, losing to Asda. Leader Tesco enlarged its market share in the year, moving ahead of Sainsburys. Sainsburys has less variety of non-food items as compared to Tesco. At the end of the evaluation period, non-food items were the reason for growth for the major supermarkets. ( http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/analystreports/corporate/ovum-sainsbury-cs-170835.pdf) MANAGEMENT Sainsbury CEO Justin king has done a great job in strengthening the brand, improved turnover at a rate of 5.5% a year and profit increases by 6.7%. king main focus was on UK store expansion rather than overseas and total number of store has been increased from 583 in 2004 to 827 today. Tesco CEO Sir Terry Leahy has different approach as compare to Sainsburys CEO Justin King. In his fourteen year term he has heavily invested in overseas expansion. In 1999, within UK Tesco generated 90% of its turnover and now its less than 70%. GROWTH POTENTIAL Tesco has its setups in 14 countries but that doesnt mean Sainsburys lack growth opportunities. Sainsburys results in past years in the proof of this and continuing achieving high growth rate without international expansions. To exist in this competitive market Sainsburys has done well by opening new stores across UK, adding new non-food products and banking services to existing stores. Tesco on the other hand, have more growth opportunities in Asia and other countries. Tesco is a big player than Sainsburys, for example: if we compare past twelve months results Tesco has  £56.9 billion turnover versus Sainsburys  £19.9 billion. (http://www.fool.co.uk/news/investing/company-comment/2010/07/16/a-foolish-fracas-sainsbury-vs-tesco.aspx) CUSTOMER OUTCOME AND EXPECTATION f Brand image and relationship building in a business to company market depends on how well company satisfies its customers. Sainsbury keep high quality of its services by providing high quality products to customers at a fair price. It has different prices which are suited to different kinds of customer. It provide basic product at low price to customer with low income. Sainsbury want to make it easier for customer to shop ethically and sustainably so they making every effort to live up to their expectations. Therefore from the above model, which explains between the company service and quality Sainsbury can be placed into high quality as well as service offered by the company and received by customers. Question 3 http://www.universityessays.com/example-essays/global-markets-sainsburys.php Mission statement serves a dual purpose by helping employees to remain dedicated on jobs as well as boosting them to find innovative ways of achieving company objectives so that productivity can be increased. It is common that large companies spend years and millions of dollars developing and refining their mission statement. NEW MISSION STATEMENT OF SAINSBURYS To become the UK best retailer company and earn customer lifetime reliability. NEW VISSION STATEMENT OF SAINSBURYS NEW VALUE PROPOSITION Source: Barnes, C. et. al., 2009 Creating and Delivering your value proposition p 31 Market: Sainsbury already caters to the middle class customers by providing products at affordable prices, but since Sainsbury maintains high quality amongst its products, the cost somewhat becomes high (in a comparative sense to its competitors). Sainsbury needs to provide these products at a more reasonable price to cater to the working class as well and thereby expand its existing customer base. Value experience: Benefits should include high quality at reasonable price. To reduce the travel costs Sainsbury needs to focus on locations of its stores so that they are effortlessly within the reach of its customers. Online sales should also be made easy. Complaints should be minimised by providing a good after sales service and monitoring customer feedback. Offerings: Place should include a focus on central locations. Product should include highest possible quality at affordable prices, new and innovative products could also be introduced to increase sales. Since the financial downturn of 2008 had drastic effects on the economy, consumers are trying to save as much as possible hence Sainsbury needs to keep the prices of its products as low as possible. Promotion should involve promotion of sales through discount vouchers or limited offers (e.g. buy 2 get 1 free) and continuous advertising through all available media types. Benefits: products need to be provided at the lowest possible price maintaining high quality. Constant customer feedback should be facilitated in order to keep track of its customers satisfaction. Alternatives and differentiation: Since Sainsbury focuses on quality more than the price of its products. The quality of Sainsburys products is higher than most of its competitors, but this phenomenon is not the same when it comes to price. Sainsbury needs to balance between its price and quality since its competitors such as Tesco are providing products at a lower price that is offered by Sainsbury. Proof: IMPLEMENTATION PLAN By using Ansoff Matrix tool for strategic marketing planning help to improve the position of J. Sainsbury. It accelerate to do best strategic direction depending upon the need/desire to penetrate existing or new markets with existing or new products. (http://www.emp.ac.uk/linspdfs/marketi2.pdf) If Sainsbury need to reconstruct their values, strengths and beliefs they need to split up their position in the existing market. They facing extreme competition in the real market they must innovate and improvise in new markets with their existing product offering. Partnership is a necessity in the domestic market since this is the basis of the business and its primary values. It will help the Sainsbury to rebuild its image and the connection with existing customer by confirming them the best quality, best product offers at competitive pricing. Sainsburys need to improve in its Information Technology system so that information can be processed faster and stocks can be reloaded at a faster pace. The shelfs are always stocked well and the customers keep getting informed about the available varieties. All these hard work make the shopping experience enjoyable and satisfying for the customers. As the world faced recession almost globally, Sainsbury should avoid price related conflicts and must follow specific price strategy. Since customer will not be willing to pay high prices even for the best quality products hence low pricing should be planned for the quality product. Identify problems and in time solving them as quickly as possible so that they build strong communication at every step of the channel. To introduce some products this will give a comparative advantage over their rivals. Sainsbury should open local stores in the city rather than on the outskirts of the city. Customer generally chooses to purchase in local shop rather than supermarkets to save time and money. Introduction of pay point or post office to the store would be a good idea to attract customers. The customer immediately after purchase can pay their bills without wasting time to reach these places elsewhere in the city. Sainsburys need to increase its online shopping service in non-food items, so that customer can shop online more comfortably. I would recommend Sainsburys to deliver every little helps to make it a healthier place for shop. Use simple processes so that shopping is better for customers, simpler for staff and cheaper for Sainsburys.

Book Review of Rebellion in the Backlands by Euclides da Cunha :: essays research papers

Book Review of "Rebellion in the Backlands" By Euclides da Cunha Rebellion in the Backlands is set in the Northeastern backlands of Brazil. It is basically, a historical narration of a period of time (1896 and 1897) where the government of the Republic of Brazil decided to wage war against a religious group of people of about 5000. This group of people, lead by a charismatic religious leader named Antonio Conselheiro, did not accept the Brazilian government as their legitimate government and was therefore deemed a threat to the rest of the country. Some of the members of this rebellion were in fact very aggressive and uncontrollable. Eventually the Brazilian government led an attack on these people launching a battle that lasted almost a year and took the lives of hundreds of Brazilian army soldiers, and thousands of native Brazilian rebels. The poor, native people of the backlands proved impressive opposition and in fact defeated every single force sent against them and even killed the commander of the first expedition. Although, in the end the g overnments military did prevail over the rural people, and they were all eventually killed. Still, the interesting thing about his book is that it seems to demonstrate that there is more to the story than just a battle lost. When I began this assignment, I set out to read each and every page of this book. Unfortunately, it is not an easy book to read and due to time limitations as well as a curiosity to â€Å"peek ahead† to further chapters, I was subsequently constrained to skim the entire book. From what I did gather this is a very well written book, incredibly detailed, by someone who is clearly well educated in Latin American History as well as military tactics and it seems as though, geology and geography as well. The amount of imagery and detail that was put into the chapter on land alone was enough to fill it’s own book. â€Å"†¦an unlooked-for picture awaits the traveler †¦ all of which confers upon the landscape in a fuse in a distant and amazing blend of color.† The physical descriptions of the land were beautiful and vivid, but what really interested me was the chapter entitled â€Å"Man†. Being a psychology major, this was by far my preferred chapter. Here Da Cunha really gets into the meat of the story he is telling about Brazilian history.

nihilism :: essays research papers

6. Nihilism is the philosophical doctrine that life is meaningless and that there is no deep order or purpose to the universe. What are the nihilistic elements of the film? Are there any contrary elements of the film that undermine a general nihilistic theme? What, if any, are the political implications of the film’s treatment of nihilism? The film â€Å"The Atomic Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬  brilliantly portrays the habitual life in U.S. society during the Cold War. The Cold War was a period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, the two main superpowers at the time. During the war both parties developed nuclear weapons and therefore assured each other mutual destruction. This constant threat led the American society to become extremely paranoid and chaotic at times. Nihilism is the â€Å"general rejection of customary beliefs in morality, religion etc.† It is also â€Å"the philosophical doctrine that life is meaningless and there is no deep order or purpose to the universe.† The film contains many nihilistic elements that allow the viewer to imagine the sociological problems and the political complications at the time while still depicting some noon-nihilistic issues present in society to and the negative effects of this philosophy on the political spectrum. â€Å"The Atomic Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬  is a type of documentary that depicts the social situation of the United States during the Cold War. It shows the general attitude of the average American citizen toward the war and the effect of the political conflict on ordinary life. It is definitely an anti-war war movie since it shows the negative side of the consequence of nuclear warfare on the general public and therefore convinces the viewer that nuclear war is ridiculous. The film shows various aspects of the negative results the Cold War had on society. â€Å"The Atomic Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬  manages to illustrate the horrors of the Cold War and how afraid the American people were due to the threat of nuclear destruction leading to the nihilistic belief that life is meaningless and a general lack of moral values amongst the population. People knew and feared that there could be a nuclear explosion at any time causing them to constantly think about the dreadfulness of this event. In the film, a man and a woman were talking about the terrible injuries of nuclear explosions. They commented that it was â€Å"an awful gas that deforms you, it doesn’t just kill you straight out, that’s what’s scary about it.

Reading and watching are totally different

Reading and watching are totally different: one describes things by words, while the other uses visual actions. To some people who enjoy reading, they can find interest in books with imagination. Personally, I like movies more than books, because I can understand more by visualization. When I read â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† I couldn’t understand the story at first.Then when I watched the movie, it helped me to understand more about what’s going on around Emily, with more details and chronological events. The story told in Faulkner’s order is not chronological which is harder for reader to understand. I found out some differences of the story in the book compared with the movie.In the book, the author mentions about the taxes more than in the movie. The mayors send to Emily a tax notice but there is no reply. They write her formal letter, and even come to her house to talk about it. The only sentence Emily can say to them is that â€Å"I have no taxes in Jef ferson.†The movie only shows a scene that Emily received a lot of tax notice letters which she has never replied once. After her father’s death, Emily becomes poor and has no income since she has been only depending on her farther. I guess in the movie, it focuses more on her relationship with Homer which the book doesn’t show much. I didn’t know Emily sleep with Homer until I saw the movie.As I read the title of the book, I expected something must be related to rose in the story, but I couldn’t find it after I finished the story. I were surprised by the end of the movie, when Emily died, people put a rose in her tomb which made more sense to me due to the title. One more different thing is the strand of gray hair is found in Homer’s hand but not on the pillow as it is in the book.At the end, the story remains a mystery about Emily and Homer. Why does Emily kill Homer? And when is it in the story? Does she sleep with him everyday or just the last day of her life? Does Tobe fall in love with Emily? These questions were neither answered in the movie nor in the book. The author left us something to think about, something to criticize on our own. In my opinion, I think that Emily kills Homer because she loves him and she wants him to be with her for the rest of her life.We all know that Emily falls in love with Homer, but what about Homer? Does he love her? All the people in town are saying that Homer is not a marrying man. So, even though they are dating and sleeping together, Emily knows that he will not marry her, and one day he will leave her just like her father. This makes her think about a way to keep Homer with her forever.I guess this is the reason she wants to kill him. There is a scene where they meet at the door of a drug store, in which Homer doesn’t show any respect or kindness to her. That makes Emily more determined about her plan of poison Homer.At the end, her cousins find Homer’s body on the bed and a strand of gray hair on his hand. This indicates that Emily does sleep with the death body but we don’t know when Emily has been doing that. So, I still wonder that how come she doesn’t kill herself after him since she has nothing left.

Boracay as a Model for Carabao Island

Boracay, an island in the province of Aklan, still remains as one of the world’s best island getaways. In February this year, Boracay was named the top island getaway of Travel+Leisure Magazine (ABS-CBN, 2013). The island has always been part of many other rankings of beaches and island destinations. Amidst all the praises that the island has gained, many issues have risen and still exist in the island. In 1997, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources announced that Boracay’s waters off Long Beach were contaminated with coliform (Trousdale, 1999).This was blamed on inadequate sewage treatment and is aggravated by the large number of tourists arriving in the island (Lujan, 2003). This is still a problem in the island until now and yet tourists still flock to Boracay all year round. In the documentary, â€Å"Ang Tagong Boracay†, it was shown that resorts are still being put up in Boracay even with over 300 resorts already lining up the beachfront. This has happened despite directives from the national government to stop building in Boracay.Tourists still flock to Boracay despite the overcrowding and waste management issues to see what it is about this island that makes it world famous. Many other tourists go here for the famous night parties of Boracay. And of course, Boracay’s famous powdery white sand which is actually pulverized calcium carbonate from dead corals is also a reason for the numerous tourists in the area. Carabao Island is an island an hour away from Boracay. It is under the municipality of San Jose of Romblon. Carabao Island has white sand beaches as well. Many of its residents are workers in Boracay.The local government plans to make the island a tourism destination. Documentaries such as the â€Å"Ang Tagong Boracay† create awareness for people about the situation in Boracay but this has been a long-term problem of the island. And there have been numerous news and journal articles about the situati on there and still only band-aid solutions have been presented. Arrivals remain to be strong in Boracay (Trousdale, 1999). This is one of the reasons why local leaders seem to ignore the fact that Boracay has become a crowded island with corresponding environmental problems.One instance is how they refuse to recognize that the algal blooms are partially a result of the rapid development of tourism facilities without proper planning (Pillout, 1996 in Trousdale, 1999). Management must be consistent and proactive (Trousdale, 1999). In the case of Boracay, the management is the local government. The local government should be responsive. Solutions must not only be for the short term. Trousdale stated that long term threats to future generations come from the undesirable cumulative effects of development which result from the absence of day-to-day management of the island.Many ordinances and policies have already been passed to solve Boracay’s many problems. The key to this is the proper and efficient implementation of these policies. The local government must be watchful and strict in implementing these policies and national government directives. Good governance is needed to identify and prioritize the community values and fuse them with technical answers that are most suitable. Development must always be planned. Pattaya is an example of unplanned and spontaneous coastal development in Southeast Asia (Wong, 1998).It has a 300-meter stretch of bars, nightclubs and massage parlors. Unplanned development has caused environmental degradation where the island’s natural tree cover has been removed, wetlands have been converted into open sewers, the beachfront land has been exploited and sea and beach has been polluted due to inadequate sewage treatment. Careful planning must be applied in Carabao Island before they start the implementation of their plans to open it as a tourism destination. According to Wong, environmental impact assessments are very imp ortant especially in coastal tourism developments.This must not just be done for big projects only but must also cover small constructions as well. Wong notes that Boracay demonstrates that small-scale tourism is possible. However, when tourist arrivals increase and planning was not done, the undesirable impacts can be serious. Therefore, planning really is important. Standards must also be enforced (Wong, 1998). Much like the policies, they must be implemented and regularly checked. For example, there are already developments in the disposal of sewage.Pipes must be regularly checked for cracks to avoid groundwater contamination. This also, lessens the need for additional costs once contamination occurs. Boracay is a good example of what not to do in tourism destinations. Through the efforts of the national government, the local government, tourism organizations, non-government organizations and the locals, Boracay can still be fixed. What they need is a workshop with representative s from each of the sectors to talk about the existing issues of the island.At the end of the workshop, new policies should be crafted and implemented. Carabao Island, on the other hand, must first consult with the locals. This is one of the important steps in tourism planning as they know more about the place. Careful planning, good governance and constant checking of the plan must be maintained throughout the implementation of the tourism plan. The combination of these guarantees that a certain destination remains sustainable. Bibliography Lujan, N. (2003, January 20-21). Boracay's Road to Ruin.Retrieved March 5, 2013, from Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism: http://pcij. org/stories/2003/boracay. html Malig, J. (2013, February 21). Boracay named 2012 world's best island. Retrieved March 5, 2013, from ABSCBNnews. com: http://www. abs-cbnnews. com/lifestyle/07/06/12/boracay-named-2012-worlds-best-island Trousdale, W. J. (1999). GOVERNANCE IN CONTEXT: Boracay Island, Phil ippines. Annals of Tourism Research , 840-867. Wong, P. (1998). Coastal tourism development in Southeast Asia. Ocean & Coastal Management , 89-109.

Summarize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Summarize - Essay Example Thus, much of the first chapter of her book is structured as justification for her research. The first focus of justification is proving that the research is new and necessary. Scully supports this claim by pointing to an androcentric bias in the sciences and the need for feminist research within the world of the men. According to Scully, the science behind this topic has traditionally been conducted from the perspective of men, focused on what men feel to be important and revealed what men understand to be the issues. When all of the studies on the rapists and their motivations is conducted by men, the female perspective remains lost, there remains a lack of understanding and the feminist literature risks the same glaring mistake made by the male literature in that the case of the other gender is kept mysterious. Having proven to her satisfaction that the research is required, Scully then justifies her choice of subject. She openly acknowledges the difficulty of accurately determining the size and characteristics of the male population that rapes, the low proportion of convicted perpetrators to probable actual perpetrators and the difficulty of finding rapists who have never been convicted to interview. From this point, she moves on to discuss why convicted, imprisoned rapists are the best candidates for her research because they are the most likely to disprove her theory. This section closes with her sampling strategy for choosing candidates for the research study. As she talks about her personal experience within the prisons, Scully reveals the conditions she found within, how that affects the prisoners on a psychological level and how that made her feel while she was visiting. She uses existing literature to support her hypothesis that the men would be more willing to talk with her because she was a woman and

'It is impossible to discern from the approach of the judiciary to Essay

'It is impossible to discern from the approach of the judiciary to either the question of the incidence of the burden of proof - Essay Example CJS is accountable for apprehending the criminals, penalising them for their offences, executing the orders of the court like custodial punishment, collecting fines imposed by courts, supervising the community and to rehabilitate them for stopping future crimes2. CJS evaluates its operation by employing the following five indicators namely a) bringing crimes to justice b) enhancing the awareness and confidence of the public c) satisfying the victims by sentencing the criminals d) to redress the disproportionality among various races and e) recovery of stolen assets or properties3. As per recent research study carried over by academics at Birmingham University reveals that crime rates will tend to decline when there are tougher prison sentences and further there is a direct link between levels of policing activity and crime reduction . Hence, the study strongly suggests that UK government should desist from downsizing its police personnel, mainly on the grounds of cost cutting. The ab ove study found that prison imprisonment was especially successful in minimising the property crime by repeat and serious offenders in UK. It also found that if sentence is increased to 16.4 months from that of 15.4 months, it is likely to minimise the burglaries in the succeeding year by 4800 out of annual aggregate of 962,700. The report finds that there is unambiguous evidence that more effective and sustained policing will definitely minimise the crime rates in UK4. Burden of proof in criminal cases Under English criminal law , the most renowned cannon is that the accused will be treated as innocent until the prosecution proves the guilty of offence of an accused by beyond realistic doubt. Though the English law assumes an accused as an innocent, but it yet requires upon the prosecution to produce adequate evidence so that the court can declare the accused as an offender. The famous maxim as held in Hobson5 that one innocent man should not be punished even if ten guilty men coul d escape from the punishment. Earlier, in Woolmington v DPP, where defendant W claimed that he killed her wife accidentally. In that case, the court was of the view that defendant had the onus of proving any defence it which wanted to forward. However, the same was turned down by the House of Lords, and it held that, the prosecution had the onus of establishing all the components of crime except in some extraordinary cases, and it did not acknowledge any defences forwarded by the accused6. Thus, the â€Å"golden thread â€Å" rule which inflicts the whole legal onus on the prosecution, and the maxim that the Crown must establish its case beyond any satisfactory doubt was held in very old case namely 7White8. Thus, in Woolmington case9, the House of Lord set precedent by pronouncing that the prosecution assumes the whole onus in criminal cases. It is claimed that by placing the whole burden of proof on prosecution, it helps to minimise the wrongful convictions by police. It also de notes the severity of criminal convictions and thereby increases the moral convictions among the police. Thus, under English law, the prosecution is responsible for any of defences put forth by an accused like alibi, provocation, self-defence or duress. In Ashley v Chief Constable of Sussex Police,10 in criminal proceedings, the onus of negativing self-defence lies upon the prosec

A Marketing Plan for an Asset Management Company Using GPS Satellite Literature review

A Marketing Plan for an Asset Management Company Using GPS Satellite Technology - Literature review Example Haghighat (2008) conducted a research on the usage of GPS technology and noted down examples of numerous industries like airlines as well as logistics that have used this technology to generate competitive advantage. The author has also stated the use of this technology even in areas like agriculture and farming (Haghighat, 2008, p.2). Parsons & Oja (2011) in their research on GPS technology stated the use of GPS towards research purposes and also states the use of this product in areas like policing and tourism (Parsons & Oja, 2011, p.42). Gulati & Paoni in association with the Kellogg School of Management (2003) conducted a research on the use of GPS technology in logistic companies and stated that the use of this technology can largely help firms and suppliers to track down the trucks and other shipments that can help them keep a track on the exact location of the shipments (Gulati, Paoni & Kellogg School of Management, 2003, p.214). ... Firms choosing a differentiation strategy sell a product that is largely distinct of its kind in the market. Firms adopting this strategy focus on a specific customer segment and charge a premium for its differentiated products and services. Focus strategy is adopted by firms who generally try to attract a very niche customer segment with a very specific product offering to target very specific needs and wants of the selected customer segment. The author largely advocates firms to adopt and implement either one of these strategies so as to help formulate strategies that can use the resources of the organization in the best possible manner to generate competitive advantage for the organization (Botten, 2007, p.263). SWOT Analysis In order to efficiently take advantage of the market opportunities it is necessary to conduct an internal analysis of the firm. Pahl & Richter (2009) conducted a research in this regard and stated the use of SWOT as a tool for internal analysis. SWOT is a too l that can be used by firms to analyze their internal strengths and weaknesses and also identify the external opportunities and threats. According to the authors a SWOT analysis largely helps firms to analyse the extent to which the strategies of the firm can help in maintaining sustainability within the organization. Firms can largely use this technique to identify their areas of strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats and use i8ts strengths to leverage upon the opportunities and to eliminate their weakness and minimise the threats. The authors also stated that this toll can also help firms to prepare a BCG matrix or implement a balanced scorecard as a tool for monitoring and

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Case study - Essay Example Firstly it is necessary to say that towards the end of the twentieth century frozen desserts and ice creams have become the most favorite products in the United Kingdom. Ice cream is told to appear in the country in the early beginning of the century and quickly won the popularity. With the sales of more than $3 billion in the end of the 20th, ice cream was making come back as the most preferable product in UK. With other desserts such as ice milk, frozen yogurts, sherbets, and miscellaneous products the total revenue was about billions per year. (Kay 1995) The company â€Å"Fancy Ices and Desserts† is nowadays a division of a huge corporate manufacture Food and Beverage. It deals with supplying the products through the corporate supply chain. The company prefers to take any new product which is offered. The company is busy with selling desserts and fancy ice creams for the Cash-&-Carry markets. The products are not recognized consumer brands yet. The division also sells bulk product dispensed like the dispensing machines. The main distribution networks are Cash&Carry, Wholesale frozen distribution, bulk direct. The company has salesmen, who are territory based, but they work directly for regional directors and their responsibility is â€Å"dotted† line. The company has nowadays to increase the capital equipment, because there is an increase in bulk products sales. The negative moment is that present equipment requires maintenance and sometime it operates not on the highest level. Concerning competitors the company has main three rivals in the market place. For example in the sector cash&carry the company’s competitor is a branded rival with a marked standard. But the rival has very few specialists who are aware of current market trends in comparison to â€Å"Fancy Ices†. But the company has less money to spend on promotions in comparison to branded

Entrepreneurship Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Entrepreneurship Theory - Essay Example 3). Theoretically, an entrepreneur is one who must exhibit certain enterprising attributes and specific characteristics of behaviour and thinking perhaps attained innately or from education, training and experiences (Gibb, 2007, p. 5). This piece of research work critically evaluates the theoretical underpinnings of entrepreneurial behaviours and explains what triggers to the behaviour of an entrepreneur based on relevant literatures Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurs are those who use their ability, talent, skills and personality to perform and carry out new combinations to successfully implement a change. Joseph A Schumpeter, famously known as father of entrepreneurship, viewed entrepreneurship as all about innovation (Carsrud and Brannback , 2007, p. 7) and entrepreneur as a distinct individual in the society as he discovers a dynamic business opportunity, seizes the opportunity to convert the idea in to a reality to deliver new product or service and thus to create a new marketable c ontribution to the economy (McDaniel, 2002, p. 57). Some literatures argued that entrepreneur is not only an innovator or a distinct person to transform opportunity to business reality, but also that he is characterized with many of managerial skills and abilities such as direction, organizing, supervision, risk bearing, control etc (Brockhaus, 1987, p. 1). With the idea of establishing a business enterprise, entrepreneur mentally prepares to take risks of financial well being, career opportunities, family relations, and psychic ell being as well (Brockhaus, 1980, p. 511). As and when the business contexts become more complex and markets turn to be highly vulnerable to rigorous competition, entrepreneurs must be able to take very strategic steps to introduce innovative ideas with their creative thinking. Based on various views, Cunningham and Lischeron (1991, p. 46) defined six schools of thoughts to describe various qualities of entrepreneurs. These schools are 1) the great person school of thought, 2) psychological characteristic school, 3) classical school of entrepreneurship, 4) the management school, 5) the leadership school and 6) the intrapreneurship school of entrepreneurship. There are large numbers of explanations for what triggers to the behaviour of an entrepreneur, but most of these literatures reached to a consensus that some of the most important characteristics generally and are found universally important are innovation, risk taking, creative thinking etc. Some authors have also found some other components or dimensions of entrepreneurship such as new venture formation, pro-activeness, renewal, strategic vision, international and domestic venturing, competitive aggressiveness etc (Lau, Shaffer, Chan and Man, 2012, p. 675). Entrepreneurial behaviour Entrepreneurial behaviour, as defined by Mair (2005, p. 51) refers to a set of activities and practices by which individuals at varying levels generate and utilize innovative resource combination to discover and pursue opportunities.

Enzyme catalysis lab Essay Example for Free

Enzyme catalysis lab Essay Enzyme catalysis was observed in order to analyze how changes in temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration affected an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. This experiment analyzed the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and observed the correlation between catalase activity and products formed. It was found out that the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction starts off rapidly, decreases, and levels off or completely stops, and can be further affected by environmental factors, which play a crucial role in regulating enzymes and metabolic processes. Based on this experiment and the data collected one is able to conclude that the optimal environment in which this specific catalase is able to function is around 40 °C and in a pH around 7. This type of environment allows the enzyme to function at its fullest potential and produce the maximum amount of product allotted by the implemented amount of substrate present without the hindrance of environmental factors. Introduction Background: Enzymes, most of which are proteins, have two interrelated roles. One is to act as catalysts and accelerate spontaneous biochemical reactions so they occur with sufficient rates at moderate temperatures. The other is to determine which spontaneous biochemical reactions will be accelerated out of many more possibilities present in the cell. Balance between all the reactions in metabolism is achieved in several ways, by fluctuations in substrate concentrations, by local differences in pH, by changes in enzyme concentration, and by changes in enzyme activation Purpose: Enzyme activity is influenced by many factors; both temperature and pH at which enzymes functions are extremely important. Most organisms have a preferred temperature and pH range in which they survive, and their enzymes usually function best within very narrow temperature and pH ranges. If the environment of the enzyme is too acidic, basic, or hot, the activity of the enzyme may be altered due to a change in the three-dimensional shape of the enzyme. Denaturation, the unraveling or structural changes of an enzyme, may be temporary or permanent depending on the degree of the environmental change. In either case, a denatured enzyme no longer has the shape necessary to interact with the substrate effectively to lower the activation energy. Hypotheses: 1. The hypothesis is as the temperature increases, above 40 ° C, the activity of the enzyme catalyst will increase. 2. The hypothesis for the enzyme activity with the effect of the pH is if the pH is not at the optimum pH value there will be a complete loss of enzyme activity. 3. The hypothesis is as the change in enzyme concentration increases the activity rate of the enzyme will increase if there is a proportional amount of enzyme concentration and substrate. 4. The hypothesis is as the substrate concentration has an increase so will the reaction of velocity if the amount of enzyme is kept constant. Materials: Materials can be found on page 65 in the Bio 110 lab manual. Procedures are found on pages 65 to 68 in the Bio 110 lab manual. Discussion A. In table 5.1, the data that was collected was calibrating the colorimeter. The results should have been 0.000 or 0.001 no matter how long the machine was ran for. B. In table and graph 5.2, the data collected was in a time frame of 0-5minuites and was recorded every 30 seconds. In the cuvette was distilled water and substrate mix. The data collected showed that the longer the experiment ran for the higher the absorbency rate. C. In table and graph 5.4, the data that was collected was for three different amounts of enzymes:  ½x enzyme, 1x enzyme, and 2x enzyme. The hypothesis for this experiment was the more enzyme the faster the absorbance. With the results from the test the hypothesis is true. The 1/2x enzyme was absorbed less and a lot slower then the 2x enzyme. D. In table and graph 5.6, the data collected was the effect of the amount of substrate effects on the absorbency. The data was collected every 6 seconds for 60 seconds. With  ½x substrate the absorbance was the slowest. At 1x substrate the absorbance was the fast, and at 2x substrate the absorbance was in the middle. E. In table and graph 5.8, the data collected was to see how the effects of temperature played an effect on the absorbency. Ice water (4 °c) the absorbance rate was very slow. Room temperature (22 °c) was the normal rate of absorbance. Body temperature (37 °c) had the highest absorbance rate, and boiling water (100 °c) the protein was denatured giving no results. F. In table and graph 5.10, the data collected was to see how the effect of pH affects the absorbance. With the pH2 no reaction happened because pH2 is not a good match, pH7 had the highest absorbance. Ph10 was denatured, pH5 was absorbed but slowly and, pH8 was also absorbed but was absorbed the slowest. G. In table and graph 5.12 we added an inhibitor to see what the effects would be. With the inhibitor added the absorbance rate slow but did increase. Literature Cited Vital Health, Inc. Introduces a Digestive Enzyme for Children, MyZymes. SFGate. N.p., 23 Oct. 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2012. http://www.sfgate.com/business/prweb/article/Vital-Health-Inc-Introduces-a-Digestive-Enzyme-3973438.php. Kilbourne, Jennifer, and Laurie Montgomery. Laboratory Investigations for Bio 1110. Second ed. Dubuque: Kendall Hunt, 2011. Print. Relevance Digestive Enzyme for Children Vital Health Inc. has introduced a new vitamin called MyZymes, a chewable digestive enzyme for children. This helps the body gain nutrients from food and plays an essential role in facilitating absorption. They are a highly effective digestive enzyme product because it contains a higher activity level of protease, amylase, lipase, cellulose and also includes six other enzymes. The higher activity levels assists in digesting more proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber. Enzymes are one of the most essential elements in our body. Enzymes are energized protein molecules found in all living cells. They catalyze and regulate all biochemical reactions that occur within our body. Enzymes also play a part in digestion. They break down proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber making it possible to utilize the nutrients found in those foods while removing the toxins. Digestive enzyme supplements help you digest your meals more efficiently and deliver the nutrients from your food to your body. The supplemental digestive enzymes will break down food, thus saving the body from having to release as many of its own enzymes. This allows the body to devote its attention to supplying more metabolic enzymes so the organs and tissues can carry on their daily work. Enzyme supplements are clinically proven to reduce the effects of bloating, gas, occasional heartburn and occasional acid reflux.